rajesthan's fort

rajesthan's fort

Chittorgarh  pronunciation (help·info) (also Chittor, Chittaur, or Chittaurgarh) is a city and a municipality in Rajasthan state of western India. It lies on the Berach River, a tributary of the Banas, and is the administrative headquarters of Chittorgharh District and a former capital of the Sisodia clans of Rajputs of Mewar.

Fiercely independent, the fort of Chittor was under siege thrice and each time they fought bravely and thrice Jauhar was committed by the ladies and children, first lead by Rani Padmini, and later by Rani Karnavati.^[1] Chittorgarh is home to the Chittorgarh Fort the largest fort in India.

Chittaurgarh
—  city  —
Chittaurgarh Location of Chittaurgarh in Rajasthan and India
Coordinates	24.88°N 74.63°ECoordinates: 24.88°N 74.63°E
Country	India
State	Rajasthan
District(s)	Chittaurgarh
Population	96,028 (2001)
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	• 394 metres (1,293 ft)

History

Chittorgarh Fort precincts Tower of Fame|Reservoir|Tower of Victory

Chittorgarh is the epitome of Chattari Rajput (Indian warrior caste) pride, romance and spirit for people of Chittor always chose death before surrendering against anyone. It reverberates with history of heroism and sacrifice that is evident from the tales still sung by the bards of Rajasthan. Though it can now be called a ruined citadel there is much more to this huge fort. It is a symbol of all that was brave, true and noble in the glorious Rajput tradition.

View of the Tower of Victory, 1927

Historically, it is considered that Chittor was built by the Maurya dynasty in the 7th century AD.^{[citation needed]} It was then named Chitrakut after Chitrangada Mori, a Rajput chieftain as inscribed on ancient Mewari coins. The fort is surrounded by a circular wall which has seven huge gates before one can enter inside the main fort area. Some accounts say that the Mori dynasty was in possession of the fort whenBappa Rawal the founder of the kingdom of Mewar seized Chittor garh (Chittor fort) and made it his capital in 734 AD. While some other accounts say Bappa Rawal received it as a part of the dowry after marriage with the last Solanki princess. After that date his descendants ruled Mewar, which stretched from Gujarat to Ajmer, until the 16th century. Chittor was one of the most contested seats of power in India with probably some of the most glorious battles being fought over its possession. It is famous in the annals of the Mewar Dynasty as its first capital (prior to this, the Guhilots, forerunners of the Mewar Dynasty, ruled from Idar, Bhomat, and Nagda), and renowned in India's long struggle for freedom. By tradition, it remained the Mewar capital for 834 years. With only brief interruptions, the fort has always remained in possession of the Sisodias of the Guhilot (or Gehlot/Guhila) clan of Rajputs, who descended from Bappa Rawal.

The first attack was by Alauddin Khilji in 1303 AD, who was enamoured by the beauty of Padmini of which he had only heard. Rani Padmini preferred death to abduction and dishonour and committed jauhar (an act of self immolation by leaping into a large fire) along with all the other ladies of the fort.^[2] All the men left the fort in saffron robes to fight the enemy unto death. Chittorgarh was captured in 1303 AD by Ala ud din Khilji, Sultan of Delhi who led a huge army. Elderly people then had the responsibility to raise the children. It was recaptured in 1326 by the young Hammir Singh, a scion of the same Gehlot clan. The dynasty (and clan) fathered by him came to be known by the name Sisodia after the village where he was born.

Rana Kumbha (1433–68) was a versatile man a brilliant, poet and musician. He built mewar up to a position of assailable military strength building a chain of thirty forts that girdled the kingdom But, perhaps more important was a patron of the arts to rival Lorenzo de Medici, and he made Chittorgarh a dazzling cultural center whose fame spread right across Hindustan.

By the 16th century, Mewar had become the leading Rajput state. Rana Sanga of Mewar led the combined Rajput forces against the Mughalemperor Babur in 1527, but was defeated at the Battle of Khanua. Later in 1535 Bahadur Shah, the Sultan of Gujarat besieged the fort causing immense carnage. It is said that again just like in the case of Jauhar led by Padmini in 1303, all 32,000 men then living in the fort donned the saffron robes of martyrdom and rode out to face certain death in the war, and their women folk committed Jauhar led by Rani Karnawati. The ultimate sacrifice for freedom, Jauhar was again performed for the third time after the Mughal Emperor Akbar captured Chittorgarh in 1568. The capital was moved west to Udaipur, in the foothills of the Aravalli Range, where Rana Udai Singh II (the young heir apparent) had established a residence in 1559. Udaipur remained the capital of Mewar until it acceded unto the union of India in 1947, and Chittorgarh gradually lost its political importance.

Chittorgarh is also famous for its association with two very widely known historical figures of India. The first is, Meera Bai the most famous female Hindu spiritual poetess whose compositions are still popular throughout North India. Her poems follow the Bhakti tradition and she is considered to be most passionate worshipper of lord Krishna. Folklore says that her love for Krishna was epitomized by her final disappearance in the temple of Krishna in Dwarka. She is believed to have entered the sanctum of the temple in a state of singing ecstasy after which the sanctum doors are believed to have closed on their own and when later opened, the sari of Mirabai was seen enwrapped around the idol of Lord Krishna, symbolizing the culmination of her union with her Lord.

The second equally famous person is Maharana Pratap, son of Rana Udai Singh II who is regarded as a personification of the values Rajputscherish and die for. He took an oath to spend his life living in the jungles and fighting until he could realize his dream of reconquering Chittorgarh from Akbar (and thus reclaiming the glory of Mewar). It was the dream greatly cherished by Maharana Pratap, and he spent all his life to achieve this goal. He underwent hardships and a life of eating breads made of grass while fighting his lifelong battle. Maharana Pratap is the greatest hero in the eyes of the Raputs of Mewar. In the absolute dark era of Rajput history, Maharana Pratap alone stood firmly for his honour and dignity, never compromising his honour for safety. With the reputation of a brave man with great character even among his enemies, he died free in 1597.

Chittorgarh remains replete with historic associations and holds a very special place in the hearts of Rajputs, as it was a bastion of the clan at a time when every other stronghold had succumbed to invasion. It is often called as the "Bhakti aur Shakti ki nagari" (land of devotion and strength). The fort and the city of Chittorgarh also hosts the biggest Rajput festival "Jauhar Mela". It takes place annually on the anniversary of one of the jauhars, not the one by Padmini which is most famous. This festival is to commemorate the bravery of Rajput ancestors and all three Jauhars which happened at Chittorgarh. A huge number of Rajputs which include the descendants of most of the princely families do a procession to celebrate the Jauhar. The fort at Chittorgarh also contains the ancient and beautiful temple to Goddess Kali called the Kalika Mata Temple.

[edit]Geography

Chittaurgarh is located at 24.88°N 74.63°E.^[3] It has an average elevation of 394 metres (1292 ft).

[edit]Demographics

As of 2001 India census,^[4] Chittaurgarh had a population of 96,028. Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Chittaurgarh has an average literacy rate of 70%, higher than the national average of 59.5%; with male literacy of 78% and female literacy of 61%. 15% of the population is under 6 years of age.

[edit]Transport

The completed Golden Quadrilateral highway system will pass through Chittorgarh, connecting it to much of the rest of India. Also crossing the East West Corridor (Express Highway). The Chittorgarh is situated at National Highway No. 76 & 79, both the Highways are crossing at Chittorgarh It is well connected with Jaipur, Jodhpur, Indore Junction MG, Indore Junction BG, Indore Mhow, Ujjain, Ratlam, Nagda Junction,Ajmer and Fatehabad by many metre gauge trains. The town still lacks connectivity to Ahemdabad, Bhopal, Gwalior, Ajmer, Jabalpur and Nagpur, so in order to catch trains for further cities one has to reach either Kota, Nagda or Ratlam.

[edit]Places of Interest

[edit]Chittorgarh Fort

The Chittorgarh Fort seated on a 180 metre hill, covers an expanse of 700 acres (2.8 km²). It was constructed by the Mauryans in the 7th century AD. There is also a belief that it was constructed by Bhima of the Pancha Pandavas. This fort was the citadel of many great Rajput warriors such as Rana Kumbha, Maharana Pratap, Jaimal, Patta, etc.

[edit]Kalika Mata Temple

Kalika Mata Temple was originally built in the 8th century for Sun God and was later converted to a temple for mother Goddess, Kali in the 14th century.

[edit]Vijay Stambh

Vijay Stambha, is a huge nine storey tower which was built by Maharana Kumbha to commemorate his victory over the Muslim rulers of Malwa and Gujarat in 1440. The tower is 122 ft (37 m) high and stands on a 10 ft (3.0 m) high base. There are sculptures and carvings on the exterior walls of the tower. The tower is visible from any section of the town below. And for reaching tower top one have to climb 157 steps, one can take great view of the surroundings. The inside walls of the tower are carved with images of Gods, weapons, etc.^[5]

[edit]Kirti Stambh

Kirti Stambh is tower is dedicated to Adinatha, the first of the Jain Tirthankar. It was built by a merchant and is decorated with figures form the Jain pantheon.

[edit]Rana Kumbha's Palace

Rana Kumbha's Palace is near the Vijay Stambh. This is the birthplace of Maharana Udai Singh the founder of Udaipur. His life was saved by the heroic act of the maid Panna Dhay, who replaced her son in place of the prince & consequently her son was killed by Banbir. She carried the prince away to safety in a fruit basket. Rani Meera Bai also lived in this palace. This is the place where Rani Padmini committed jauhar with the other ladies in one of the underground cellars.^[6]

[edit]Rani Padmini's Palace

Rani Padmini's Palace is from which Alauddin Khalji(one of the ruler of khalji dynasty during sultanate rule over India) was allowed to watch a reflection of the Rani by replacing the mirror in such an angle that even if Khalji turned back he could not see the room. Khilji had been warned by the rani's husband that if he turned back they would cut his neck.^[7]

[edit]Excursions

• Nagari (Chittorgarh)
• Baroli temples
• Bassi Village
• Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary
• Begun Fort
• Sanwariaji Temple
• Mati Kundiya temple
• Bhainsrorgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
• Bijaipur
• Sitamata Sanctuary, Dhariyavad
• Menal
• Gotmeshwar
• Joganiya Mata
• Kailger Mahadave
• Bari Sadri
• Radha Kirshan Temple
• Bharat in Chittorgarh area

[edit]See also

• Chittorgarh Fort

Kumbhalgarh

The massive gate of Kumbhalgarh fort, called the Ram Pol (Ram Gate). The fort was built by Rana Kumbha in the 15th century on an unassailable hill. The fort remained impregnable except for but once, when it fell, for a short while, to the combined forces of Akbar , Malwa and the Sultan of Gujarat.

The Walls of Kumbhalgarh extend over 36 km, which is second-longest continuous wall after the wall of China.

Kumbhalgarh (also called Kumbhalmer or Kumbalgarh) is a Mewar fortress in the Rajsamand District of Rajasthan state in western India. Built during the course of the 15th century by Rana Kumbha, and enlarged through the 19th century, Kumbhalgarh is also a birthplace of Maharana Pratap, the great king and warrior of Mewar. Occupied until the late 19th century, the fort is now open to the general public as a museum and is spectacularly lit for a few minutes each evening. Kumbalgarh is situated 82 km from Udaipur towards its northwest and is easily accessible by road. It is the most important fort in Mewar after Chittaurgarh.

Contents  [hide] 1 Construction 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 External links

[edit]Construction

Built on a hilltop 1100 metres in altitude, Kumbhalgarh fort has perimeter walls that extend 36 kilometres in length^[1] , which makes it the third longest in the world after the Great Wall of China and theGreat Wall of Gorgan in Iran. The frontal walls are fifteen feet thick. Kumbhalgarh has seven fortified gateways. Over 360 temples are within the fort, 300 ancient Jain and the rest Hindu. The vista from the palace top typically extends tens of kilometers into the Aravalli Range. It is widely believed that the sand dunes of the Thar desert can be seen from the fort walls.

According to legend the Maharana of Kumbhalgarh tried so many times to build the wall of the fort but each time failed to do so. They consulted a local pilgrim about their construction problems. The pilgrim advised that he be beheaded and after cutting his head to build a temple where the head should fall, and to build the wall and the fort where the rest of his body lay. Following his advice, they succeed in building the world's third largest wall.

According to popular folklore, Maharana Kumbha used to burn massive lamps that consumed fifty kgs of Ghee and a hundred kgs of cotton to provide light for the farmers who worked during the nights in the valley.

[edit]History

The site where Kumbhalgarh stands today was once a bastion, was once ruled by Prince Samprati and his dynasty who were Jain descendents of Mauryan emperors of India during the 2nd century CE.

Kumbhalgarh in its present form was developed by, and said to be personally designed by Rana Kumbha. Rana Kumbha's kingdom of Mewar stretched from Ranthambore to Gwalior and included large tracts of erstwhile Madhya Pradesh as well as Rajasthan. Out of the 84 forts in his dominion, Rana Kumbha is said to have designed 32 of them, of which Kumbhalgarh is the largest and most elaborate.

Kumbhalgarh also separated Mewar and Marwar from each other and was used as a place of refuge for the rulers of Mewar at times of danger. A notable instance was in the case of Prince Udai, the infant king of Mewar who was smuggled here in 1535, when Chittaur was under siege. Prince Udai who later succeeded to the throne was also the founder of the Udaipur City. Kumbhalgarh was captured by the combined armies of Emperor Akbar, along with the armies of Raja Man Singh of Amber and Raja Udai Singh of Marwar . The fort's capitulation was accelerated by the scarcity of drinking water.

Fort and Walls

...

[edit]See also

• Kumbhalgarh Wildlife Sanctuary
• Mewar
• Rana Kumbha
• Maharana Pratap

[edit]References

1. ^ http://www.rajasthaninfo.org/kumbhalgarh.htm

[edit]External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kumbhalgarh

• Kumbhalgarh Fort of Rajasthan
• Hotel in Kumbhalgarh,Rajasthan

Jaisalmer Fort

Jaisalmer Fort panorama

Jaisalmer Fort is one of the largest forts in the world. It is situated in Jaisalmer city in theIndian state of Rajasthan. It was built in 1156 AD by the Bhati Rajput ruler Rawal Jaisal, from where it derives it name. The fort stands proudly amidst the golden stretches of the greatThar Desert, on Trikuta Hill, and has been the scene of many battles. Its massive yellow sandstone walls are a tawny lion color during the day, fading to honey-gold as the sun sets, thereby camouflaging the fort in the yellow desert. For this reason, it is also known as the "Golden Fort".

Contents  [hide] 1 History 2 Major Attractions 3 References 4 External links 5 Further reading

[edit]History

A view of the fortress above the city, in the evening

During medieval times, the city played a major role in trade with Persia, Arabia, Egypt and Africa. The fort contains 3 layers of walls. The outer or the lower layer is made out of solid stone blocks and it reinforces the loose rubble of Trikuta Hill. The second, or middle, wall snakes around the fort. From the innermost, or third, wall, the Rajput warriors once hurled boiling oil and water as well as massive blocks of rock at their enemies, who would become entrapped between the second and third walls. This defenses of the fort include 99 bastions, of which 92 were built between the period of 1633-47.

Ala-ud-din Khilji attacked and captured the fort in the 13th century and managed to hold it for 9 years. It was during the seize of the fort, the Rajputwomen committed Jauhar. The second battle at the fort happened in 1541, when Mughal emperor Humayun attacked the fort city.

Since British rule, due to the rise of sea trade and the growth of the port ofBombay, the city experienced a major economic recession. After the independence and partition of India, the ancient trade route was totally closed, thus sealing the fate of the city. Nonetheless, the continued strategic importance of Jaisalmer was demonstrated during the 1965 and 1971 wars between India and Pakistan.^[1] Today about a quarter of the city's population lives in the fort. At one point the entire population of Jaisalmer lived within the fort. With the increase in population, people gradually moved out and found shelter at the foot of Trikuta Hill. Because of the increase in the resident population, and in the number of visitors, the fort was included in the 1996 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, and again in 1998 and 2000.^[2] Major restoration work has taken place by the Fund. According to former INTACH chairman S.K. Misra, American Express has provided more than $1 million for the conservation of Jaisalmer Fort.^[3]

[edit]Major Attractions

• Raj Mahal (Royal palace).
• Jain temples.
• Laxminath temple.
• 4 massive gateways.
• Merchant Havelis. These are large houses often built by wealthy merchants in Rajasthani towns and cities in North India, with beautiful, ornate sandstone carvings. Some havelis are many hundreds of years old. In Jaisalmer there are many elaborate havelis carved from golden sandstone. Some of the most famous have many floors and countless rooms, with decorated windows, archways, doors and balconies. Some havelis are today museums but most in Jaisalmer are still lived in by the families that built them. Among these is the Vyas haveli which was built in the 15th century, the descendants of which still occupy the building. Another example is the Shree Nath Palace which was once inhabited by the Prime Minister of Jaisalmer, and you are invited to stay in these rooms – there are only five available for the hotel – and join the Vyas family in enjoying this architectural treasure. Some of the doors and ceilings are wonderful examples of old carved wood from many hundreds of years ago.

The fort has numerous eateries, including Italian, French, and native cuisines. The famous Indian film director Satyajit Ray wrote a detective novel and later made it into a film, Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress), based on the fort.

[edit]References

1. ^ http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/jaisalmer-fort.html
2. ^ World Monuments Fund - Jaisalmer Fort
3. ^ S.K. Misra, Indian Express, "INTACH has earned its position," April 7, 2010.

Jaisalmer Fort panorama

Jaisalmer Fort is one of the largest forts in the world. It is situated in Jaisalmer city in theIndian state of Rajasthan. It was built in 1156 AD by the Bhati Rajput ruler Rawal Jaisal, from where it derives it name. The fort stands proudly amidst the golden stretches of the greatThar Desert, on Trikuta Hill, and has been the scene of many battles. Its massive yellow sandstone walls are a tawny lion color during the day, fading to honey-gold as the sun sets, thereby camouflaging the fort in the yellow desert. For this reason, it is also known as the "Golden Fort".

Contents  [hide] 1 History 2 Major Attractions 3 References 4 External links 5 Further reading

[edit]History

A view of the fortress above the city, in the evening

During medieval times, the city played a major role in trade with Persia, Arabia, Egypt and Africa. The fort contains 3 layers of walls. The outer or the lower layer is made out of solid stone blocks and it reinforces the loose rubble of Trikuta Hill. The second, or middle, wall snakes around the fort. From the innermost, or third, wall, the Rajput warriors once hurled boiling oil and water as well as massive blocks of rock at their enemies, who would become entrapped between the second and third walls. This defenses of the fort include 99 bastions, of which 92 were built between the period of 1633-47.

Ala-ud-din Khilji attacked and captured the fort in the 13th century and managed to hold it for 9 years. It was during the seize of the fort, the Rajputwomen committed Jauhar. The second battle at the fort happened in 1541, when Mughal emperor Humayun attacked the fort city.

Since British rule, due to the rise of sea trade and the growth of the port ofBombay, the city experienced a major economic recession. After the independence and partition of India, the ancient trade route was totally closed, thus sealing the fate of the city. Nonetheless, the continued strategic importance of Jaisalmer was demonstrated during the 1965 and 1971 wars between India and Pakistan.^[1] Today about a quarter of the city's population lives in the fort. At one point the entire population of Jaisalmer lived within the fort. With the increase in population, people gradually moved out and found shelter at the foot of Trikuta Hill. Because of the increase in the resident population, and in the number of visitors, the fort was included in the 1996 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, and again in 1998 and 2000.^[2] Major restoration work has taken place by the Fund. According to former INTACH chairman S.K. Misra, American Express has provided more than $1 million for the conservation of Jaisalmer Fort.^[3]

[edit]Major Attractions

• Raj Mahal (Royal palace).
• Jain temples.
• Laxminath temple.
• 4 massive gateways.
• Merchant Havelis. These are large houses often built by wealthy merchants in Rajasthani towns and cities in North India, with beautiful, ornate sandstone carvings. Some havelis are many hundreds of years old. In Jaisalmer there are many elaborate havelis carved from golden sandstone. Some of the most famous have many floors and countless rooms, with decorated windows, archways, doors and balconies. Some havelis are today museums but most in Jaisalmer are still lived in by the families that built them. Among these is the Vyas haveli which was built in the 15th century, the descendants of which still occupy the building. Another example is the Shree Nath Palace which was once inhabited by the Prime Minister of Jaisalmer, and you are invited to stay in these rooms – there are only five available for the hotel – and join the Vyas family in enjoying this architectural treasure. Some of the doors and ceilings are wonderful examples of old carved wood from many hundreds of years ago.

The fort has numerous eateries, including Italian, French, and native cuisines. The famous Indian film director Satyajit Ray wrote a detective novel and later made it into a film, Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress), based on the fort.

[edit]References

1. ^ http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/jaisalmer-fort.html
2. ^ World Monuments Fund - Jaisalmer Fort
3. ^ S.K. Misra, Indian Express, "INTACH has earned its position," April 7, 2010.

Mehrangarh Fort

Mehrangarh Fort
Jodhpur, India
View of Mehrangarh Fort
Type	Fort
Coordinates	26.30°N 73.02°ECoordinates: 26.30°N 73.02°E
Open to the public	Yes

Mehrangarh Fort, located in Jodhpur city in Rajasthan state is one of the largest forts in India.

The fort is situated 400 feet (122 m) above the city, and is enclosed by imposing thick walls. Inside its boundaries there are several palaces known for their intricate carvings and expansive courtyards. A winding road leads to and from the city below. The imprints of cannonball hits by attacking armies of Jaipur can still be seen on the second gate. To the left of the fort is the chhatri of Kirat Singh Soda, a soldier who fell on the spot defending the Mehrangarh fort.

There are seven gates, which include Jayapol (meaning 'victory') built by Maharaja Man Singh to commemorate his victories over Jaipur and Bikaner armies. Fattehpol (also meaning 'victory') gate was built by Maharaja Ajit Singh to mark the defeat of the Mughals. The palm imprints upon these still attract much attention even today.

The museum in the Mehrangarh fort is one of the most well-stocked museums in Rajasthan. In one section of the fort museum there is a selection of old royal palanquins, including the elaborate domed gilt Mahadol palanquin, which was won in a battle from the Governor of Gujarat in 1730. The museum exhibits the heritage of the Rathores in arms, costumes, paintings and decorated period rooms.

Contents  [hide] 1 History of Mehrangarh 2 Period rooms 3 Galleries in Mehrangarh Museum 3.1 Elephant's howdahs 3.2 Palanquins 3.3 Daulat Khana - Treasures of Mehrangarh Museum 3.4 Armoury 3.5 Paintings 3.6 The Turban Gallery 3.7 The Folk Music Instruments Gallery 4 Tourist attractions in Mehrangarh 4.1 National Geological Monument 4.2 The Chamunda Mataji Temple 5 2008 Stampede 6 See also 6.1 Tourist attractions in Jodhpur 6.2 Rulers of Jodhpur 7 Notes 8 Further reading 9 External links

[edit]History of Mehrangarh

Rao Jodha (1438-1488), one of Ranmal's 24 sons became the fifteenth Rathore ruler. One year after his accession to the throne, Jodha decided to move his capital to the safer location of Jodhpur as the one thousand years old Mandore fort was no longer considered to provide sufficient security.

The foundation of the fort was laid on May 12, 1459^[1] by Jodha on a rocky hill 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) to the south of Mandore. This hill was known as Bhaurcheeria, the mountain of birds. According to legend to build the fort he had to displace the hill's sole human occupant, a hermit called Cheeria Nathji, the lord of birds. Upset at being forced to move Cheeria Nathji cursed Rao Jodha with "Jodha! May your citadel ever suffer a scarcity of water!". Rao Jodha managed to appease the hermit by building a house and a temple in the fort very near the cave the hermit had used for meditation, though only to the extent that even today the area is plagued by a drought every 3 to 4 years. Jodha then took an extreme measure to ensure that the new site proved propitious; he buried a man called Rajiya Bhambi (a Meghwal) alive in the foundations. Rajiya was promised that in return his family would be looked after by the Rathores. To this day his descendants still live in Raj Bagh, Rajiya's Garden, an estate bequeathed them by Jodha.

Mehrangarh (etymology: 'Mihir' (Sanskrit) -sun or Sun-deity; 'garh' (Sanskrit)-fort; i.e.'Sun-fort'; according to Rajasthani language pronunciation conventions,'Mihirgarh' has changed to 'Mehrangarh'; the Sun-deity has been the chief deity of the Rathore dynasty.^[2] Though the fortress was originally started in 1459 by Rao Jodha, founder of Jodhpur, most of the fort which stands today dates from the period of Jaswant Singh(1638–78). The fort is located at the centre of the city spreading over 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) atop a high hill. Its walls, which are up to 36 metres (118 ft) high and 21 metres (69 ft) wide, protect some of the most beautiful and historic palaces in Rajasthan.

Entry to the fort is gained though a series of seven gates. The most famous of the gates are:

• Jai Pol ("Gate of Victory"), built by Maharaja Man Singh in 1806 to celebrate his victory in a war with Jaipur and Bikaner.
• Fateh Pol, built to celebrate a victory over the Mughals in 1707;
• Dedh Kamgra Pol, which still bears the scars of bombardment by cannonballs;
• Loha Pol, which is the final gate into the main part of the fort complex. Immediately to the left are the handprints (sati marks) of the raniswho in 1843 immolated themselves on the funeral pyre of their husband, Maharaja Man Singh.

Within the fort, several brilliantly crafted and decorated palaces are found. Of these, Moti Mahal (Pearl Palace), Phool Mahal (Flower Palace), Sheesha Mahal (Mirror Palace), Sileh Khana, and Daulat Khana are notable. One also finds the fort museum comprising several palaces. This museum houses an exquisite collection of palanquins, howdahs, royal cradles, miniatures, musical instruments, costumes and furniture. The ramparts of the fort are home to not only several excellently preserved old cannon (including the famous Kilkila) but also offer a breath-taking view of the city.

[edit]Period rooms

Sheesha Mahal, inside Mehrangarh.

Room within palace complex at Mehrangarh

Moti Mahal - The Pearl Palace

Built by Raja Sur Singh (1595-1619), the Moti Mahal is the largest of the Mehrangarh Museum's period rooms. Sur Singh's Moti Mahal has five alcoves leading onto hidden balconies; it is believed they were built for his five queens to listen in on court proceeding.

Sheesha Mahal - The Hall Of Mirrors

It is a fine example of a typical Rajput Sheesh Mahal. The mirror-work includes large, regular pieces, rather than an intricate mosaic of tiny fragments; another thing is the superimposition over the mirror-work of brightly painted religious figures made in plaster.

Phool Mahal - The Palace Of Flowers

The Phool Mahal was created by Maharaja Abhaya Singh (1724-1749). The grandest of Mehrangarh's period rooms the Phool Mahal was in all likelihood a private and exclusive chamber of pleasure; dancing girls once swooned in exhaustion here under a ceiling rich in gold filigree.

Takhat Vilas - Maharaja Takhat Singh's Chamber

Built and lived in by Maharaja Takhat Singh (1843-1873), Jodhpur's last ruler to reside in the Mehrangarh Fort, Takhat Vilas is an interesting blend of styles, most traditional, but some, like the glass balls on the ceiling, testifying to the modern age which arrived with the British.

[edit]Galleries in Mehrangarh Museum

[edit]Elephant's howdahs

Mahadol, the Palanquin at Mehrangarh Museum

The howdahs were a kind of two-compartment wooden seat (mostly covered with gold and silver embossed sheets), which were fastened on to the elephant's back. The front compartment, with more leg space and a raised protective metal sheet, was meant for kings or royalty, and the rear smaller one for a reliable bodyguard disguised as a fly-whisk attendant.

[edit]Palanquins

Palanquins were a popular means of travel and circumambulation for the ladies of the nobility up to the second quarter of the 20th century. They were also used by male nobility and royals on special occasions.

[edit]Daulat Khana - Treasures of Mehrangarh Museum

This gallery displays one of the most important and best preserved collections of fine and applied arts of the Mughal period of Indian history, during which the Rathore rulers of Jodhpur maintained close links with the Mughal emperors.

[edit]Armoury

This gallery displays a rare collection of armour from every period in Jodhpur. On display are sword hilts in jade, silver, rhino horn, ivory, shields studded with rubies, emeralds and pearls and guns with gold and silver work on the barrels. The gallery also has on display the personal swords of many emperors, among them outstanding historical piece like the Khanda of Rao Jodha, weighing over 7 pounds, the sword of Akbar the Great and the sword of Timur the Lame.

[edit]Paintings

Folio from the Shiva Purana at Mehrangarh Museum, c. 1828.

This Gallery displays colours of Marwar-Jodhpur, the finest example of Marwar paintings.

[edit]The Turban Gallery

The Turban Gallery in the Mehrangarh Museum seeks to preserve, document and display the many different types of turbans once prevalent in Rajasthan; every community, region and, indeed, festival having had its own head-gear.

[edit]The Folk Music Instruments Gallery

There are a number of different types and kinds of folk musical instruments, some particular to a group or community, and some to a region.

[edit]Tourist attractions in Mehrangarh

[edit]National Geological Monument

The Jodhpur Group - Malani Igneous Suite Contact on which the Mehrangarh Fort has been built has been declared a National Geological Monument by the Geological Survey of India to encourage Geotourism in the country. This unique geological feature is part of the Malani Igenus Suite seen in the Thar desert region, spread over an area of 43,500 km². This unique geological feature represents the last phase of igneous activity of Precambrian age in the Indian Subcontinent.^[3][4]

[edit]The Chamunda Mataji Temple

Chamunda Devi Temple

The Chamunda Mataji was Rao Jodha's favorite goddess, he brought her idol from the old capital ofMandore in 1460 and installed her in Mehrangarh (Maa Chamunda was the kul devi of Parihar rulers ofMandore). She remains the Maharaja's and the Royal Family's Isht Devi or adopted goddess and is worshipped by most of Jodhpur's citizens as well. Crowds throng Mehrangarh during the Dussehracelebrations.

On Sept 30,2008 at least 216 people were killed and more than 400+ injured in a stampede at the temple when the devotees gathered to pray for the first day of Navratras.

[edit]2008 Stampede

A human stampede occurred on September 30, 2008, at the Chamunda Devi temple inside of the Mehrangarh Fort, in which 249 people were killed and more than 400 injured.

See article: 2008 Jodhpur stampede

[edit]See also

[edit]Tourist attractions in Jodhpur

• Jodhpur Group - Malani Igneous Suite Contact
• Jaswant Thada
• Mandore

[edit]Rulers of Jodhpur

• Hanwant Singh, 1947-1953
• Gaj Singh II, 1953-Present
• 
  
• 
  
• osted by deepak at 7:55 PM 0 comments 

Amber Fort

Amber Fort as viewed from its front across Maotha lake

Amber Fort, Jaipur, c. 1858

Amber Fort

Amber Fort (Hindi: आमेर क़िला, also known as Amer Fort) is located in Amber,13 km from Jaipur,Rajasthan state, India. It was the ancient citadel of the ruling Kachhawa clan of Amber, before the capital was shifted to present day Jaipur. Amber Fort is known for its unique artistic style, blending both Hindu and Muslim (Mughal) elements, and its ornate and breathtaking artistic mastery.^[1] The fort borders the Maota Lake, and is a major tourist attraction in Rajasthan.^[2]

Contents  [hide] 1 Origins 2 Structure 3 Tourism and tourist attractions 4 Gallery 5 References 6 Also see 7 Further reading 8 External links

[edit]Origins

Amber was originally built by the Meenas in the town they consecrated to Amba, the Mother Goddess, whom they knew as `Gatta Rani' or `Queen of the Pass' [ Tod.II.282 ]. Built over the remnants of an earlier structure, the palace complex which stands today was commenced under the reign of Raja Man Singh, Commander in Chief of Akbar’s army and a member of the Emperor's inner circle of nine courtiers, in 1592. The initial structure of the fort was entirely completed by his descendant, Jai Singh I.^[3] Amber was modified by successive rulers over the next 150 years, until the Kachwahas shifted their capital to Jaipur during the time of Sawai Jai Singh II.^[4]

[edit]Structure

An interior view of a room in the palace covered in thousands of tiny mirrors.

The structure which is known today as "Amber Fort" was initially a palace complex within the original fort of Amber that is today known as Jaigarh Fort. Connected to Amber via fortified passages, Jaigarh Fort is located on a hill above the Amber complex, and is constructed of red sandstone and white marble. It overlooks Maotha Lake, and was reputed to be the treasure vault of the Kacchwaha rulers.

Like the entire fort complex, Amber Fort is also constructed of white and red sandstone. The Fort is unique in that its outside, an imposing and rugged defensive structure, is markedly different from its inside, an ornate, lavish interior influenced by both Hindu and Muslim (Mughal) styles of ornamentation. The walls of the interior of the fort are covered with murals, frescoes, and paintings depicting various scenes from daily life. Other walls are covered with intricate carvings, mosaic, and minute mirror work.^[5]

Amber Fort is divided into four sections. Each is accessible via large staircases from a central location, or from a broad pathway leading to each of the sections. The pathways are currently used to transport tourists via an elephant ride. The main entrance of Amber Fort, Surajpol, leads to the Jaleb chowk, the main courtyard of the Fort where the staircase to the palace is located. In ancient times, Jaleb Chowk was the area where returning armies were paraded back home.

Just prior to the palace entrance is a narrow staircase leading to the Kali Temple, also known as the Shila Devi Temple, made popular for its enormous silver lions. The origins and purpose of these large lions is still unknown. The Kali Temple is known for its silver doors with raised reliefs. According to legends, Maharaja Man Singh I had worshiped Kali for a victory over the rulers of Bengal. The legend says that Kali appeared in the Maharaja's dream and ordered him to recover her statue from the Jessore seabed (now in Bangladesh) and place it in an appropriate temple. The accuracy of the legend has not been verified. However, it is said that the Maharaja recovered the statue from the bed of the sea and created the temple. A tourist curiosity is an image of Ganeshaat the temple entrance, carved entirely from a single piece of coral.^[6]

[edit]Tourism and tourist attractions

Today, tourists can ride up to the fort from the base of the hill on elephants. On the ride, one can see the skyline of Jaipur, Maotha lake, and the original city walls. The fort can be toured with a guide or on one's own. You also have audio guides available in various languages. The sound and light show in the evening is worth a view. One of the most striking parts of the fort is the Sheesh Mahal (Hall of Mirrors). Tour guides tell visitors that when the palace was occupied by royalty, the hall could be lit at night by a single candle because of all the tiny, intricate mirrors.shootings of films like jodha akbar,veer,ganga ka sougan are taken on this fort.

[edit]Gallery

Amber fort dusk panorama	Amber fort as seen from Jaigarh Fort, Jaipur, Rajasthan	Amber fort as seen on a bright morning from the approach road across the moat, Jaipur, Rajasthan.	Inside the fort.
Doors.	Light and shadows.

[edit]References

1. ^ "Amber Fort - Jaipur". Retrieved 2008-05-20.
2. ^ "Amber".
3. ^ "Amber Fort - Jaipur".
4. ^ http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/amber-fort.html
5. ^ "Amber Fort". Retrieved 2008-04-20.
6. ^ "Jaipur Sightseeing". Archived from the original on 2007-10-18. Retrieved 2008-01-15.

[edit]Also see

• Amber, India

[edit]Further reading

• Crump, Vivien; Toh, Irene (hardback). Rajasthan. New York: Everyman Guides. p. 400. ISBN 1-85715-887-3.
• Michell, George, Martinelli, Antonio. The Palaces of Rajasthan. London: Frances Lincoln. p. 271 pages. ISBN 978-0711225053.
• Tillotson, G.H.R (in English) (Hardback). The Rajput Palaces - The Development of an Architectural Style (First ed.). New Haven and London: Yale University Press. p. 224 pages. ISBN 03000 37384.

[edit]External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amber Fort

• Website for Amber Fort in Rajasthan
• Jaipur Tourism
• Amber Fort travel guide from Wikitravel

[show]v · d · eForts in Rajasthan

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Coordinates: 26.9859°N 75.8507°E

Categories: Forts in Rajasthan | Royal residences in India | Palaces in Rajasthan | History of Jaipur

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